11/28/2023 0 Comments Java oops concepts programsThe code below illustrates an example of Inheritance. In Java, the derived class is also known as the subclass. The new class consists of the combined features from both the classes. It means that we can add additional features to parent class without modification this is possible by deriving a new class from the parent class. In OOP, the idea of inheritance provides the concept of reusability. The principle behind this division is that each subclass shares common characteristics from the class from its parent class. For Example, a bird Robin is part of the class, not a mammal, which is again a part of the class Animal. Inheritance supports the concept of hierarchical classification. Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire some properties of objects of another class. The code below shows an example of abstraction. An abstract class can have parameterized constructors. The object for an abstract class cannot be instantiated with the new operator.Classes that contain abstract method(s) must be declared with abstract keyword.Making a subclass abstract avoids overriding. A method defined abstract must have its implementation in the derived class, thus making method overriding compulsory.An abstract class may not have all the abstract methods.An abstract method is a method declared without a method body.An abstract class is a class with an abstract keyword.Classes wrap or encapsulate all the essential properties of the objects that are to be created. Classes are the concept of abstraction and are defined as the list of abstract attributes such as size, weight, cost, and methods that operate on these attributes. Encapsulation of the object makes it possible for the objects to be treated like ‘black boxes’ that perform a specific task without any concern for internal implementation.Ībstraction is the act of reducing programming complexity by representing essential features without including the background explanations or details. This insulation of data from the direct access of the program is called data hiding. The data is accessible only to those methods, which are wrapped in the class, and not to the outside world. The wrapping up of the data and methods into the single unit is known as encapsulation. Representation of an Object Data Abstraction and Encapsulation Classes behave like built-in data types of a programming language but are user-defined data types. For Example, apple, orange, and mango are the objects of the class Fruit. The collection of objects of similar types is termed as a class. Any number of objects can be created after a class is created. A class is a ‘data-type’ and an object as a ‘variable’ of that type. The entire set of code and data of an object can be made user-defined data type using the concept of the class. Objects can even interact without knowing the details of each other’s code or data. Each object contains code and data to manipulate the data. For Example, ‘customer’ and ‘account’ are two objects that may send a message to the account object requesting for the balance. The objects interact with each other by sending messages to one another when a program is executed. Any programming problem is analyzed based on objects and how they communicate amongst themselves. It may also represent user-defined data types like lists and vectors. An object can represent a person, a bank account, a place, a table of data. Objects are runtime entities in an object-oriented system.
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